Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Responding to Medical Emergencies



“So his fame spread throughout all Syria, and they brought him all the sick, those afflicted with various diseases and pains, those oppressed by demons, those having seizures, and paralytics, and he healed them.” (Matthew 4:24)

To begin, I am NOT a medical professional.  All the information included in this post can be found online.  Please research the included footnotes at the end of this article.   

When it comes time to respond during an emergency, knowing what steps your medical team needs to take can be crucial. A medical emergency can happen anytime at any place.  Many people hesitate from providing help to a victim simply because they don’t know what to do.  By becoming more aware of how to respond to a medical emergency, such as heart attacks, strokes, and seizures, and choking, you could save lots of lives. These things happen when we least expect it, and we need to be ready to respond.

In 1 Samuel 25:37, Nabal apparently had a heart attack.  The preceding verse says he had been feasting and was very drunk.  If this was a habitual pattern, it could have led to hardened arteries and a thrombosis.

Heart attacks are very common in our society.  They used to be almost always fatal, but now many heart attack sufferers survive and go on to live normal lives (often a reformed normal with better lifestyle habits and perhaps a pacemaker).  When someone attending church has a heart attack, those who are there can make the difference by being the first responders.  An untrained person may be able to initiate chest compressions going by what they have seen and read.  Even better is when someone there has been trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

In some cases, an automated external defibrillator (AED) is needed to stop and restart a heart beating too rapidly to efficiently deliver blood.  It would be an advantage for your church to have one and to have people trained in its use.  It is important to know the signs of a heart attack. It can begin with the person feeling faint or feeling pain in the chest, shoulder, or arm. If he or she collapses, but is still breathing, it is most likely a heart attack - they may also stop breathing.

The first goal of CPR is to force pump the heart to get blood to the brain and other vital organs. That is why the chest compressions are directly over the heart.  The second goal is to keep them breathing or start them breathing.  If the compressions do not get them breathing again, you need to use your CPR mask and force air into their windpipe mouth-to-mouth (through the mask, of course).

In 1 Samuel 4:18 we read that, “When he mentioned the ark of God, Eli fell backward off his chair by the side of the gate. His neck was broken and he died, for he was an old man and heavy.”  The cause of Eli losing his balance and falling could have been either a stroke or a heart attack. Neither is surprising for his age and physical condition.   Strokes are really more common than most people think.

In 2 Kings 4:18-37, the Shunnamite's son died of some kind of stroke.  This was most likely heat stroke (vv. 19-20), but ischemic strokes (a restriction in blood supply to tissues) and aneurysms (an outward bulging, like a balloon, caused by an abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall) are not unheard-of in young men.  Some are caused by inherited conditions, but blood clots can follow severe bruising.

A stroke is caused by interruption of blood to a part of the brain.  These are mostly ischemic (caused by a blood clot blocking an artery).  They can also be caused by cerebral hemorrhaging (brain bleeding) which reduces blood pressure in part of the brain.  Many times a person experiences a mini-stroke, technically a transient ischemic attack (TIA).  This is a temporary interruption of blood flow, and it often goes unnoticed.  Many people have had several TIAs without knowing it.  However, TIAs often precede a full stroke.

It is important to know when someone is experiencing a stroke.  Some of the signs may be slurred speech, one side of the face partially paralyzed, numbness on one side of the body, or trouble moving one arm or leg or one arm or foot.  There is little we can do for the person, but it is urgent to get medical help right away.  Meanwhile, make them comfortable.  There are drugs to stop the damage of a stroke.  EMTs and paramedics may have them.  They can also get the patient to a hospital quickly. Quick administration of the drug is extremely important for recovery from a stroke.

In Mark 9:14-29, Jesus cast out a demon that was making a boy have seizures.  Seizures are only one manifestation of demonic possession.  In Matthew 4:24, seizures and paralysis are listed in addition to demon possession.  Not all seizures are caused by demons.  Most are caused by epilepsy.  Epilepsy has been around for a long time and it is caused by brain damage, which can happen any time in life from birth to old age.

How should we respond to an epileptic seizure?  There are a few things to do and some to not do. Our goal is to keep them from harm.  Two key resources are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1] and from WebMD [2].  The first thing to do, if it is a Grand Mal seizure (they lose consciousness), is to let the person down easy to lie on the floor and turn them onto their side to help them breathe. 

Remove anything hard or sharp so they don't get hurt.  Loosen ties, necklaces, collars, and remove their eyeglasses.  Keep track of the time, because if it lasts more than five minutes, you need to call 911.  Then (for all seizures) stay with them until it is over.  Comfort them, be calm, check for medical tag or bracelets, and make sure they can get home safely (get someone to take them, even a taxi).

There are a few don'ts:
1) Don't hold them down.
2) Don't keep them from moving.
3) Don't insert anything into their mouth.
4) Don't give or offer them anything to eat or drink until the seizure is completely over.
5) Don't try CPR – they will start breathing on their own.

About Partial Seizures: 
There are partial seizures of which nearby people may be unaware.  Certain stimuli can trigger reactions such as headaches, nausea, blurred vision, light dizziness, etc. 

Some of these stimuli are:
1) Visual stimuli: strobe lights, flashing lights, rapid repetitive motion.
2) Audible stimuli: rhythmic clapping, extensive repetition of a beat, certain rhythm patterns (especially off-beat), or certain sounds.
3) Tactile stimuli: rhythmic swaying, "drunken" motion, spinning, or tumbling.

Some churches are scheduling services without these stimuli to accommodate members and guests with epilepsy by trying to avoid triggering episodes at any level from partial seizures to Grand Mal.

What is choking?  An object gets into the windpipe (trachea) and blocks the passage of air, meaning the person cannot breathe.  This object can be anything, but most often it is a piece of food or chewing gum.  People have choked on dentures when a part of the denture got into the windpipe. You can choke on liquids, but that usually does not stop all breathing.  Choking may be described as accidental, but some persons have conditions affecting their swallowing, predisposing them to choking.

Some objects can be reached and pulled out, such as a denture or foil leaf.  However, a smaller object can be too far down to reach and pull out.  It needs to be dislodged and expelled.  This is why Dr. Heimlich devised the method named after him.  This is reaching around the person from behind, putting a fist covered by the other hand just below the breastbone, and jerking it in.  This forces the diaphragm up into the lung, pushing air suddenly up into the trachea.  This should dislodge the choking item.  Repeat if needed.

Training is needed for responding to heart attacks and stopped breathing episodes.  The two preferred sources of CPR and AED training and certification are the American Red Cross [3] and the American Heart Association [4].  Try to make this training available not only to Church Safety Team members, but also to teachers and group leaders.  The Red Cross also offers First Aid training.

If someone at your church has a heart attack, a stroke, a seizure, or is choking, would you know what to do and how to do it?  Find out what to do and get the needed training and certification.

Be safe!  


 

[1] National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, "Seizure First Aid," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Page last reviewed: January 10, 2019 [https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/first-aid.htm].

[2] WebMD Medical Reference, "First Aid for Epilepsy Seizures," WebMD, Reviewed by Jennifer Robinson, MD on August 07, 2019 [https://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/first-aid-seizures#1].

[3] American Red Cross, "Find a Class" [https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class].

[4] American Heart Association, "CPR & First Aid Training Classes" [https://www.heart.org/en/cpr].  












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